BackgroundThe oese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recrtion center.
GeographySecond-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban Loion:Western Europe, bordering the Mediterrann S on the southern coast of France, nr the border with ItalyGeographic coordinates:43 44 N, 7 24 r:total: 2 sq km land: 2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DCLand Boundaries:total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 kmCoastline:4.1 kmMaritime claims:territorial s: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 12 nmClimate:Mediterrann with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summersTerrain:hilly, rugged, rockyElevation extremes:lowest point: Mediterrann S 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 mNatural resources:noneLand use:arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban ar) (2005)Irrigated land:NANatural hazards:NACurrent Environment Issues:NAInternational Environment Agreements:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertifiion, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the S, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
PeoplePopulation:32,965 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 211Age structure:0-14 yrs: 14.6% (male 2,466/female 2,349) 15-64 yrs: 62.4% (male 10,184/female 10,395) 65 yrs and over: 23% (male 3,068/female 4,503) (2009 est.)Median age:total: 45.7 yrs male: 43.6 yrs female: 47.7 yrs (2009 est.)Population growth rate:0.394% (2009 est.)Birth rate:9.1 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)Dth rate:12.74 dths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)Net migration rate:7.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)Sex ratio:at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 yrs: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 yrs: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 yrs and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2009 est.)Infant mortality rate:total: 5 dths/1,000 live births male: 5.77 dths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 dths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 80.09 yrs male: 76.3 yrs female: 84.09 yrs (2009 est.)Total fertility rate:1.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:NAHIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:NAHIV/AIDS - dths:NANationality:noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or MonacanEthnic groups:French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%Religions:Roman holic 90%, other 10%Languages:French (official), English, Italian, MonegasqueLiteracy:definition: age 15 and over can rd and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
GovernmentCountry name:conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: MonacoGovernment type:constitutional monarchyCapital:name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahd of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in OctoberAdministrative divisions:none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fonieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-CarloIndependence:1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)National holiday:National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)Constitution:17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002Legal system:based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionSuffrage:18 yrs of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) hd of government: Minister of State Jn-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French GovernmentLegislative branch:unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 sts; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-yr terms) elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held in February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; sts by party - UPM 21, REM 3Judicial branch:Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)Political parties and lders:Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco TogetherPolitical pressure groups and lders:NAInternational organization participation:CE, FAO, IA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schen Convention (de facto m), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMODiplomatic representation in the US:chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and Representative to the UN Gilles NOGHES chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Suite 2K-100, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-1530 FAX: (202) 552-5778 consulate(s) eral: New YorkDiplomatic representation from the US:the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul eral in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco
EconomyMonaco, bordering France on the Mediterrann coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and plsant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and s. The state retains monopolies in a of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan ars. GDP (purchasing power parity):GDP (purchasing power parity): $976.3 million (2006 est.) note:GDP (official exchange rate):GDP (official exchange rate): $NAGDP - rl growth rate:(2000 est.)GDP - per capita (PPP):GDP - per capita (PPP): $30,000 (2006 est.)GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: 0% industry: 4.9% services: 95.1% (2005)Labor force:44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate:0% (2005 est.)Population below poverty line:NA%Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%Inflation rate (consumer prices):Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.9% (2000 est.)Budget:revenues: $863 million expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)Agriculture - products:noneIndustries:tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer productsIndustrial production growth rate:NA%Electricity - consumption:NA kWhElectricity - imports:NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by FranceExports:$716.3 million (2005 est.) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with FranceExports - commodities:
Imports:$916.1 million (2005 est.) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with FranceImports - commodities:
Debt - external:$18 billion (2000 est.)Market value of publicly traded shares:$NAExchange rates:euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7338 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005)
CommuniionsTele in use:35,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 175Cellular in use:22,000 (2008)Telephone system:eral assessment: modern automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed line operator offers a full range of services to residential and business customers domestic: combined fixed line and mobile telephone density exceeds 100% international: country - 377; no satellite rth stations; connected by cable into the French communiions systemRadio broadcast stations:AM 1, FM 11, shortwave 1 (2008)Television broadcast stations:5 (1998)Internet country :.mcInternet hosts:22,608 (2009)Internet users:22,000 (2008)
TransportationHeliports:1 (2007)Roadways:total: 50 km paved: 50 km (2007)Merchant marine:registered in other countries: 70 (Bahamas 15, Georgia 4, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Marshall Islands 13, Norway 5, Panama 16, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Vanuatu 1) (2008)Ports and terminals:Monaco
MilitaryDefense is the responsibility of France Military branches:no regular military forces; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial dutiesManpower available for military service:males age 16-49: 6,687 (2008 est.)Manpower fit for military service:males age 16-49: 5,495 females age 16-49: 5,406 (2009 est.)
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