BackgroundEnglish and Irish colonists from St. Kitts first settled on Montserrat in 1632; the first African slaves arrived three decades later. The British and French fought for possession of the island for most of the 18th century, but it finally was confirmed as a British possession in 1783. The island's sugar plantation economy was converted to small farm landholdings in the mid 19th century. Much of this island was devastated and two-thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in July 2003.
GeographyThe island is entirely volcanic in origin and comprised of three major volcanic centers of differing ages.Loion:Caribbn, island in the Caribbn S, southst of Puerto RicoGeographic coordinates:16 45 N, 62 12 WAr:total: 102 sq km
land: 102 sq km
water: 0 sq kmSize comparison: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Land Boundaries:0 kmCoastline:40 kmMaritime claims:territorial s: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nmClimate:tropical; little daily or ssonal temperature variationTerrain:volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowlandElevation extremes:lowest point: Caribbn S 0 m
highest point: lava dome in English's Crater (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) estimated at over 930 m (2006)Natural resources:NEGLLand use:arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 80% (2005)Irrigated land:NANatural hazards:severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)Current Environment Issues:land erosion occurs on slopes that have been clred for cultivation
PeoplePopulation:5,079 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2008 est.)Age structure:0-14 yrs: 27.8% (male 738/female 675)
15-64 yrs: 64.8% (male 1,575/female 1,716)
65 yrs and over: 7.4% (male 245/female 130) (2008 est.)Median age:total: 28.1 yrs
male: 28 yrs
female: 28.1 yrs (2008 est.)Population growth rate:0.315% (2008 est.)Birth rate:12.01 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)Dth rate:8.86 dths/1,000 population (2008 est.)Net migration rate:NA (2008 est.)Sex ratio:at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 yrs: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 yrs: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 yrs and over: 1.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2008 est.)Infant mortality rate:total: 16.46 dths/1,000 live births
male: 12.19 dths/1,000 live births
female: 20.93 dths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 72.6 yrs
male: 74.66 yrs
female: 70.44 yrs (2008 est.)Total fertility rate:1.22 children born/woman (2008 est.)HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:NAHIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:NAHIV/AIDS - dths:NANationality:noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: MontserratianEthnic groups:black, whiteReligions:Anglican, Methodist, Roman holic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominationsLanguages:EnglishLiteracy:definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1970 est.)
GovernmentCountry name:conventional long form: none
conventional short form: MontserratGovernment type:NACapital:name: Plymouth
geographic coordinates: 16 42 N, 62 13 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahd of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of MontserratAdministrative divisions:3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint PeterIndependence:none (overss territory of the UK)National holiday:Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)Constitution:effective 19 December 1989Legal system:English common law and statutory lawSuffrage:18 yrs of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter A. WATERWORTH (since 27 July 2007)
hd of government: Chief Minister Lowell LEWIS (since 2 June 2006)
cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney eral, and the finance secretary
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the lder of the majority party usually becomes chief ministerLegislative branch:unicameral Legislative Council (11 sts, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-yr terms)
note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney eral and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members
elections: last held 31 May 2006 (next to be held by 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - MCAP 36.1%, NPLM 29.4%, MDP 24.4%, independents 10.1%; sts by party - MCAP 4, NPLM 3, MDP 1, independents 1
note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine sts of the Legislative CouncilJudicial branch:stern Caribbn Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)Political parties and lders:Montserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS]; Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SLY]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]Political pressure groups and lders:NAInternational organization participation:Caricom, B, Interpol (subburu), OECS, UPU, WFTUDiplomatic representation in the US:none (overss territory of the UK)Diplomatic representation from the US:none (overss territory of the UK)
EconomySevere volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A astrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and , causing further economic and social disloion. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the . The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-yr $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.GDP (purchasing power parity):$29 million (2002 est.)GDP (official exchange rate):$NAGDP - rl growth rate:-1% (2002 est.)GDP - per capita (PPP):$3,400 (2002 est.)GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: 1.2%
industry: 23.1%
services: 75.7% (1999 est.)Labor force:4,521 note: lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate:6% (1998 est.)Population below poverty line:NA%Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%Inflation rate (consumer prices):2.6% (2002 est.)Budget:revenues: $31.4 million
expenditures: $31.6 million (1997 est.)Agriculture - products:
Industries:tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliancesIndustrial production growth rate:
Electricity - production:22 million kWh (2006 est.)Electricity - consumption:20.46 million kWh (2006 est.)Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - imports:0 kWh (2007 est.)Oil - production:0 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil - consumption:505.5 bbl/day (2006 est.)Oil - exports:0 bbl/day (2005)Oil - imports:482.6 bbl/day (2005)Oil - proved reserves:0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)Natural gas - production:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - consumption:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - exports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - imports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - proved reserves:0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)Exports:$700,000 (2001)Exports - commodities:electronic components, plastic bags, apparel; hot peppers, limes, live plants; tleImports:$17 million (2001)Imports - commodities:machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materialsDebt - external:$8.9 million (1997)Currency ():st Caribbn dollar (X)Exchange rates:st Caribbn dollars (X) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003) note: fixed rate since 1976Fiscal yr:1 April - 31 March
CommuniionsTele in use:NACellular in use:NATelephone system:eral assessment: modern and fully digitalized
domestic: NA
international: country - 1-664; landing point for the st Caribbn Fiber System (ECFS) optic submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the stern Caribbn extending from the British Virgin Islands to TrinidadRadio broadcast stations:AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)Television broadcast stations:1 (1997)Internet country :.msInternet hosts:409 (2008)Internet users:NA
TransportationAirports:2 (2007)Airports (paved runways):total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2007)Roadways:note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built in the north end of the island (2008)Ports and terminals:Little Bay, Plymouth
MilitaryDefense is the responsibility of the UKMilitary branches:no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Police Force (2008)Manpower available for military service:males age 16-49: 2,528 (2008 est.)Manpower fit for military service:males age 16-49: 2,097 (2008 est.)
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