Philippines

Philippines Population: 96,061,680
BackgroundThe Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwlth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-yr transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. The 20-yr rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts, which prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992 and his administration was marked by grter stability and progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998, but was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impchment trial on corruption charges broke down and another "people power" movement ("EDSA 2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-yr term as president in May 2004. The Philippine Government faces thrts from three terrorist groups on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list, but in 2006 and 2007 scored some major successes in capturing or killing wanted terrorists. Decades of Muslim insurcy in the southern Philippines have led to a pce accord with one group and on-again/off-again pce talks with another.Map data ©2009 Europa Technologies - Terms of Use
GeographyThe Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably loed in relation to many of Southst Asia's main water bodies: the South China S, Philippine S, Sulu S, Celebes S, and Luzon Strait.Loion:Southstern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine S and the South China S, st of VietnamGeographic coordinates:13 00 N, 122 00 r:total: 300,000 sq km
land: 298,170 sq km
water: 1,830 sq kmSize comparison: slightly larger than Arizona
Land Boundaries:0 kmCoastline:36,289 kmMaritime claims:territorial s: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 trty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped ar in South China S up to 285 nm in brdth
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: to depth of ationClimate:tropical marine; northst monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)Terrain:mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlandsElevation extremes:lowest point: Philippine S 0 m
highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 mNatural resources:timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copperLand use:arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 16.67%
other: 64.33% (2005)Irrigated land:15,500 sq km (2003)Natural hazards:astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per yr; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive rthquakes; tsunamisCurrent Environment Issues:uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed ars; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; incrsing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding groundsInternational Environment Agreements:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertifiion, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the S, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
PeoplePopulation:96,061,680 (July 2008 est.)Age structure:0-14 yrs: 35.5% (male 17,392,780/female 16,708,255)
15-64 yrs: 60.4% (male 28,986,232/female 29,076,329)
65 yrs and over: 4.1% (male 1,682,485/female 2,215,602) (2008 est.)Median age:total: 22.3 yrs
male: 21.8 yrs
female: 22.8 yrs (2008 est.)Population growth rate:1.991% (2008 est.)Birth rate:26.42 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)Dth rate:5.15 dths/1,000 population (2008 est.)Net migration rate:-1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)Sex ratio:at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 yrs: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 yrs: 1 male(s)/female
65 yrs and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)Infant mortality rate:total: 21.2 dths/1,000 live births
male: 23.86 dths/1,000 live births
female: 18.42 dths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 70.8 yrs
male: 67.89 yrs
female: 73.85 yrs (2008 est.)Total fertility rate:3.32 children born/woman (2008 est.)HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:less than 0.1% (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:9,000 (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - dths:fewer than 500 (2003 est.)Nationality:noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: PhilippineEthnic groups:Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)Religions:Roman holic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)Languages:Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and PangasinanLiteracy:definition: age 15 and over can rd and write
total population: 92.6%
male: 92.5%
female: 92.7% (2000 census)^Back to TopGovernmentCountry name:conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: PilipinasGovernment type:republicCapital:name: Manila
geographic coordinates: 14 35 N, 121 00 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahd of Washington, DC during Standard Time)Administrative divisions:80 provinces and 120 chartered cities
provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, anduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, stern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
chartered cities: Alaminos, Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Bago, Baguio, Bais, Balanga, Batac, Batangas, Bayawan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabadbaran, Cabanatuan, Cadiz, Cagayan de Oro, Calamba, Calapan, Calbayog, Candon, Canlaon, Cauayan, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Danao, Dapitan, Davao, Digos, Dipolog, Dumaguete, Escalante, Gapan, eral Santos, Gingoog, Himamaylan, Iligan, Iloilo, Isabela, Iriga, Kabankalan, Kalookan, Kidapawan, Koronadal, La Carlota, Laoag, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Legazpi, Ligao, Lipa, Lucena, Maasin, Makati, Malabon, Malaybalay, Malolos, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marawi, Marikina, Masbate, Mati, Meycauayan, Muntinlupa, Munoz, Naga, Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Oroquieta, Ozamis, Pagadian, Palayan, Panabo, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Passi, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, Roxas, Sagay, Samal, San Carlos (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos (in Pangasinan), San Fernando (in La Union), San Fernando (in Pampanga), San Jose, San Jose del Monte, San Juan, San Pablo, Santa Rosa, Santiago, Silay, Sipalay, Sorsogon, Surigao, Tabaco, Tacloban, Tacurong, Tagaytay, Tagbilaran, Taguig, Tagum, Talisay (in Cebu), Talisay (in Negros Occidental), Tanauan, Tangub, Tanjay, Tarlac, Toledo, Tuguegarao, Trece Martires, Urdaneta, Valencia, Valenzuela, Victorias, Vigan, Zamboanga (2009)Independence:12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US)National holiday:Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from USConstitution:2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987Legal system:based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservationsSuffrage:18 yrs of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001); note - president is both chief of state and hd of government
hd of government: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of Commission of Appointments
elections: president and vice president (Manuel "Noli" DE CASTRO) elected on separate tickets by popular vote for a single six-yr term; election last held on 10 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2010)
election results: Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected president; percent of vote - Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO 40%, Fernando POE 37%, three others 23%Legislative branch:bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 sts - one-half elected every three yrs; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-yr terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (as a result of May 2007 election it has 239 sts including 218 members representing districts and 21 sectoral party-list members representing special minorities elected on the basis of 1 st for every 2% of the total vote but limited to 3 sts; members elected by popular vote to serve three-yr terms; note - the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250 members)
elections: Senate - last held on 14 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2010); House of Representatives - elections last held on 14 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2010)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; sts by party - Lakas 4, LP 4, Nacionalista 3, NPC 2, Kampi 1, independents 1, others 8; note - there are 23 rather than 24 sitting senators because one senator was elected mayor of Manila; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; sts by party - Lakas 90, Kampi 52, NPC 27, LP 19, Party-list 22, independents 3, others 25Judicial branch:Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 yrs of age); Court of Appls; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hring corruption cases of government officials)Political parties and lders:uine Opposition or GO (coalition of oppositon parties formed to contest the 2007 elections); Kabalikat Ng Malayang Pilipino or Kampi [Ronaldo PUNO]; Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas Ng Edsa (National Union of Christian Democrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA]; Liberal Party or LP [Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista [Manuel VILLAR]; National People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]; PROMDI [Emilio OSMENA]; Pwersa Ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; Reporma [Renato DE VILLA]Political pressure groups and lders:AKBAYAN [Etta ROSALES, Mario AGUJA, and Risa HONTIVEROS-BARAQUIEL]; ALAGAD [Rodante MARROLITA]; ALIF [Acmad TOMAWIS]; An Waray [Horencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv HATAMIN]; ANAKPAWIS [Crispin BELTRAN and Rafael MARIANO]; Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Sunny Rose MADAMBA, Ernesto PABLO, and Edgar VALDEZ]; AVE [Eulogio MAGSAYSAY]; Bayan Muna [Satur OCAMPO, Joel VIRADOR, and Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE and Hans Christian SENERES]; BUTIL [Benjamin CRUZ]; CIBAC [Emmanuel Joel VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO [Guillermo CUA]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA]; Partido Ng Manggagawa [Renato MAGTUBO]; Veterans Federation of the Philippines [Ernesto GIDAYA]International organization participation:ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASN, BIS, CP, S, FAO, G-24, G-77, IA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Willy C. GAA
chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300
FAX: [1] (202) 467-9417
consulate(s) eral: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Fran, Tamuning (Guam)Diplomatic representation from the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie A. KENNEY
embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000, Manila
mailing address: PSC 500, FPO AP 96515-1000
telephone: [63] (2) 301-2000
FAX: [63] (2) 301-2399
EconomyThe Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007 with rl GDP growth exceeding 7%, but growth slowed to 4.5% in 2008 as a result of the world financial crisis. High government spending has contributed to the growth, but a resilient service sector and large remittances from the millions of Filipinos who work abroad have played an incrsingly important role. Economic growth has averaged 5% since President MACAPAGAL-ARROYO took in 2001. Nevertheless, the Philippines will need still higher, sustained growth to make progress in alleviating poverty, given its high population growth and unequal distribution of income. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO averted a fiscal crisis by pushing for new revenue msures and, until recently, tightening expenditures. Declining fiscal deficits, tapering debt and debt service ratios, as well as recent efforts to incrse spending on infrastructure and social services have heightened optimism over Philippine economic prospects. Although the eral macroeconomic outlook has improved significantly, the Philippines continues to face important challenges and must maintain the reform momentum in order to ch up with regional competitors, improve employment opportunities, and alleviate poverty. Longer-term fiscal stability will require more sustainable revenue sources, rather than non-recurring revenues from privatization.GDP (purchasing power parity):$327.2 billion (2008 est.)GDP (official exchange rate):$172.3 billion (2008 est.)GDP - rl growth rate:4.5% (2008 est.)GDP - per capita (PPP):$3,400 (2008 est.)GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: 13.8%
industry: 31.9%
services: 54.3% (2008 est.)Labor force:36.82 million (2008 est.)Labor force - by occupation:agriculture: 35%
industry: 15%
services: 50% (2007 est.)Unemployment rate:7.4% (2008 est.)Population below poverty line:30% (2003 est.)Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 31.2% (2006)Distribution of family income - Gini index:45.8 (2006)Inflation rate (consumer prices):9.6% (2008 est.)Investment (gross fixed):16.2% of GDP (2008 est.)Budget:revenues: $26.75 billion
expenditures: $28.2 billion (2008 est.)Public debt:56.1% of GDP (2008 est.)Agriculture - products:
Industries:electronics assembly, garments, footwr, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishingIndustrial production growth rate:
Electricity - production:56.51 billion kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - consumption:47.04 billion kWh (2006 est.)Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - imports:0 kWh (2007 est.)Oil - production:23,930 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil - consumption:340,100 bbl/day (2006 est.)Oil - exports:41,160 bbl/day (2005)Oil - imports:355,800 bbl/day (2005)Oil - proved reserves:138.5 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)Natural gas - production:2.2 billion cu m (2006 est.)Natural gas - consumption:2.2 billion cu m (2006 est.)Natural gas - exports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - imports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - proved reserves:98.54 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)Current account balance:$2.687 billion (2008 est.)Exports:$50.99 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)Exports - commodities:semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruitsExports - partners:US 17%, Japan 14.5%, Hong Kong 11.5%, China 11.4%, Netherlands 8.2%, Singapore 6.2%, Malaysia 5%, Germany 4.3% (2007)Imports:$63.42 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)Imports - commodities:electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plasticImports - partners:US 14.1%, Japan 12.3%, Singapore 11.2%, Taiwan 7.3%, China 7.2%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, South Kor 5.9%, Malaysia 4.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2007)Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:$36.15 billion (31 December 2008 est.)Debt - external:$65.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:$20.78 billion (2008 est.)Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:$5.564 billion (2008 est.)Market value of publicly traded shares:$103.2 billion (31 December 2007)Currency ():Philippine peso (P)Exchange rates:Philippine pesos (P) per US dollar - 44.439 (2008 est.), 46.148 (2007), 51.246 (2006), 55.086 (2005), 56.04 (2004)Fiscal yr:calendar yr
CommuniionsTele in use:3.633 million (2006)Cellular in use:51.795 million (2007)Telephone system:eral assessment: good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate
domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 rth stations; cellular communiions now dominate the industry; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density about 60 tele per 100 persons
international: country - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Asia, US, the Middle st, and Europe; multiple international gateways (2007)Radio broadcast stations:AM 381, FM 628, shortwave 4 (ch shortwave station operates on multiple frequencies in the language of the target audience) (2007)Television broadcast stations:250 (plus 1,501 CA networks) (2007)Internet country :.phInternet hosts:283,579 (2008)Internet users:5.3 million (2007)
TransportationAirports:255 (2007)Airports (paved runways):total: 84
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 36
under 914 m: 10 (2007)Airports (unpaved runways):total: 171
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 68
under 914 m: 99 (2007)Heliports:2 (2007)Pipelines:gas 565 km; oil 135 km; refined products 105 km (2007)Railways:total: 897 km
narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2006)Roadways:total: 200,037 km
paved: 19,804 km
unpaved: 180,233 km (2003)Waterways:3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m) (2008)Merchant marine:total: 391
by type: bulk carrier 75, cargo 125, carrier 16, chemical tanker 17, container 6, liquefied gas 5, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 68, petroleum tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 15, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 11
foreign-owned: 161 (Bermuda 34, China 4, Greece 4, Hong Kong 1, Japan 81, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 23, Norway 10, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UAE 1)
registered in other countries: 11 (Comoros 1, Cyprus 1, Hong Kong 1, Indonesia 1, Panama 7) (2008)Ports and terminals:Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila, Nasipit Harbor
Military
Military branches:Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2008)Military service age and obligation:18-25 yrs of age (rs 21-29) for compulsory and voluntary military service; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens (2007)Manpower available for military service:males age 16-49: 23,547,252
females age 16-49: 23,177,487 (2008 est.)Manpower fit for military service:males age 16-49: 18,232,050
females age 16-49: 19,827,538 (2008 est.)