Wednesday, May 18, 2016

Niger


Niger Population: 13,272,679
BackgroundNiger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when . Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999 BARE was killed in a coup by military rs who promptly restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that yr. TANDJA was reelected in 2004. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. A predominately Tuareg ethnic group emerged in February 2007, the Nigerien Movement for Justice (MNJ), and attacked several military targets in Niger's northern region throughout 2007 and 2008. Events have since evolved into a fledging insurcy.
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GeographyLandlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture.Loion:Western Africa, southst of AeriaGeographic coordinates:16 00 N, 8 00 r:total: 1.267 million sq km
land: 1,266,700 sq km
water: 300 sq kmSize comparison: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land Boundaries:total: 5,697 km
border countries: Aeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 kmCoastline:0 km (landlocked)Maritime claims:none (landlocked)Climate:desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme southTerrain:predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in northElevation extremes:lowest point: Niger River 200 m
highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 mNatural resources:uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleumLand use:arable land: 11.43%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 88.56% (2005)Irrigated land:730 sq km (2003)Natural hazards:recurring droughtsCurrent Environment Issues:overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertifiion; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) thrtened because of poaching and habitat destructionInternational Environment Agreements:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertifiion, Endangered Species, Environmental Modifiion, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the S
PeoplePopulation:13,272,679 (July 2008 est.)Age structure:0-14 yrs: 47% (male 3,174,834/female 3,057,003)
15-64 yrs: 50.6% (male 3,450,393/female 3,267,496)
65 yrs and over: 2.4% (male 159,945/female 163,008) (2008 est.)Median age:total: 16.4 yrs
male: 16.5 yrs
female: 16.4 yrs (2008 est.)Population growth rate:2.878% (2008 est.)Birth rate:49.62 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)Dth rate:20.26 dths/1,000 population (2008 est.)Net migration rate:-0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)Sex ratio:at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 yrs: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 yrs: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 yrs and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2008 est.)Infant mortality rate:total: 115.42 dths/1,000 live births
male: 119.3 dths/1,000 live births
female: 111.42 dths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 44.28 yrs
male: 44.3 yrs
female: 44.26 yrs (2008 est.)Total fertility rate:7.29 children born/woman (2008 est.)HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:1.2% (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:70,000 (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - dths:4,800 (2003 est.)Nationality:noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: NigerienEthnic groups:Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census)Religions:Muslim 80%, other (includes indious beliefs and Christian) 20%Languages:French (official), Hausa, DjermaLiteracy:definition: age 15 and over can rd and write
total population: 28.7%
male: 42.9%
female: 15.1% (2005 est.)
GovernmentCountry name:conventional long form: Republic of Niger
conventional short form: Niger
local long form: Republique du Niger
local short form: NigerGovernment type:republicCapital:name: Niamey
geographic coordinates: 13 31 N, 2 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahd of Washington, DC during Standard Time)Administrative divisions:8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, ZinderIndependence:3 August 1960 (from France)National holiday:Republic Day, 18 December (1958)Constitution:new constitution adopted 18 July 1999Legal system:based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionSuffrage:18 yrs of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999)
hd of government: Prime Minister Seyni OUMAROU (since 3 June 2007); appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president
cabinet: 26-member Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-yr term (eligible for a second term); second round of election last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009)
election results: Mamadou TANDJA reelected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 65.5%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 34.5%Legislative branch:unicameral National Assembly (113 sts; members elected by popular vote to serve five-yr terms)
elections: last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; sts by party - MNSD 47, PNDS 25, S 22, RSD 7, RDP 6, ANDP 5, PSDN 1Judicial branch:State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appls or Cour d'AppelPolitical parties and lders:Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or S-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma'a [Sanousi JACKOU]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Issifou MAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Progressive Party or PPN-RDA [Abdoulaye DIORI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP-jama'a [Hamid AABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]Political pressure groups and lders:The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly Tuareg rebel groupInternational organization participation:ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Aminata Djibrilla Maiga TOURE
chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227
FAX: [1] (202)483-3169Diplomatic representation from the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Bernadette M. ALLEN
embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey
mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey
telephone: [227] 20-72-26-61 thru 64
FAX: [227] 20-73-31-67
EconomyNiger is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking nr last on the United Nations Development Fund index of human development. It is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Drought cycles, desertifiion, and strong population growth have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduces Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic hlth care, primary eduion, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs gred at poverty reduction. In December 2005, Niger received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translates into the forgiveness of approximately US $86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. Nrly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by ation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. Uranium prices have incrsed sharply in the last few yrs. A drought and locust infestation in 2005 led to food shortages for as many as 2.5 million Nigeriens.GDP (purchasing power parity):$9.657 billion (2008 est.)GDP (official exchange rate):$5.322 billion (2008 est.)GDP - rl growth rate:4.5% (2008 est.)GDP - per capita (PPP):$700 (2008 est.)GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: 39%
industry: 17%
services: 44% (2001)Labor force:70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the public sector (1995)Labor force - by occupation:agriculture: 90%
industry: 6%
services: 4% (1995)Unemployment rate:NA%Population below poverty line:63% (1993 est.)Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)Distribution of family income - Gini index:50.5 (1995)Inflation rate (consumer prices):0.1% (2007 est.)Budget:revenues: $320 million (includes $134 million from foreign sources)
expenditures: $320 million (2002 est.)Agriculture - products:
Industries:uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhousesIndustrial production growth rate:
Electricity - production:240 million kWh (2006 est.)Electricity - consumption:443.2 million kWh (2006 est.)Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - imports:225 million kWh (2007 est.)Oil - production:0 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil - consumption:5,550 bbl/day (2006 est.)Oil - exports:0 bbl/day (2005)Oil - imports:5,425 bbl/day (2005)Oil - proved reserves:NA bblNatural gas - production:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - consumption:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - exports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - imports:0 cu m (2007 est.)Natural gas - proved reserves:0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)Current account balance:-$321 million (2007 est.)Exports:$428 million f.o.b. (2006)Exports - commodities:uranium ore, livestock, cowps, onionsExports - partners:France 57%, Nigeria 26.4%, Ghana 4.1% (2007)Imports:$800 million f.o.b. (2006)Imports - commodities:foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cerlsImports - partners:France 15.9%, French Polynesia 8.8%, Nigeria 8.6%, Beium 8.6%, US 6.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.6% (2007)Debt - external:$2.1 billion (2003 est.)Market value of publicly traded shares:$NACurrency ():Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African StatesExchange rates:Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar 438.77 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004) note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euroFiscal yr:calendar yr
CommuniionsTele in use:24,000 (2005)Cellular in use:900,000 (2007)Telephone system:eral assessment: inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communiions, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern ar of Niger
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity only about 7 per 100 persons; domestic satellite system with 3 rth stations and 1 planned
international: country - 227; satellite rth stations - 2 sat (1 Atlantic Ocn and 1 Indian Ocn)Radio broadcast stations:AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)Television broadcast stations:5 (2007)Internet country :.neInternet hosts:216 (2008)Internet users:40,000 (2006)
TransportationAirports:28 (2007)Airports (paved runways):total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
under 914 m: 1 (2007)Airports (unpaved runways):total: 19
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 3 (2007)Roadways:total: 18,550 km
paved: 3,803 km
unpaved: 14,747 km (2006)Waterways:300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2008)
Military
Military branches:Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Niger Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger) (2008)Military service age and obligation:17-21 yrs of age for voluntary military service; 2-yr service term; women may serve in hlth care (2008)Manpower available for military service:males age 16-49: 2,871,868
females age 16-49: 2,696,966 (2008 est.)Manpower fit for military service:males age 16-49: 1,665,108
females age 16-49: 1,548,965 (2008 est.)

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